Daily Current Affairs MCQ 27 September 2026
Platform: Jharkhandibaba.in | Target Exams: JPSC CCE (PT), UPSC CSE (Prelims), BPSC | Coverage: The Hindu, Indian Express, Business Standard, Dainik Jagran, Prabhat Khabar
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Q1. Which of the following rivers of Jharkhand flows completely independently into the Bay of Bengal without merging into any other river system?
(b) Subarnarekha River
(c) Barakar River
(d) North Koel River
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Subarnarekha originates at Rani Chuan in Nagri village near Ranchi at an elevation of 610 m. It traverses roughly 395 km through Ranchi, Ramgarh, and East Singhbhum before flowing across West Bengal and Odisha to enter the Bay of Bengal independently.
Q2. The historic Hundru Falls, dropping from an elevation of approximately 320 feet (98 metres), is situated on which river?
(b) Subarnarekha River
(c) Damodar River
(d) Raru River
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Hundru Falls is located about 45 km from Ranchi on the Subarnarekha River. It is a knickpoint fall created by rejuvenation of the Chhotanagpur Plateau.
Q3. The famous Dassam (Da-song) Falls near Bundu-Tamar in Ranchi district is formed by which river?
(b) Kanchi River
(c) South Koel River
(d) Karo River
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Dassam Falls cascades from approximately 144 feet on the Kanchi River, an important right-bank tributary of the Subarnarekha.
Q4. In indigenous tribal medicine of Jharkhand, what does the term ‘Hodo-pathy’ signify?
(b) An agrarian land dispute arbitration system under Wilkinsonβs Rule
(c) A sacrificial ritual during the Sohrai festival
(d) Metallurgy technique of the Birjia tribe
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: In Santhali and Mundari languages, ‘Horo’ or ‘Hodo’ means human. Hodopathy refers to indigenous medicinal systems utilizing wild herbal roots, barks, and forest flora. Jharkhand is working to integrate it into the AYUSH framework.
Q5. The tragic Gajlitand Colliery disaster in Dhanbad district, caused by flood waters of the Katri river entering the underground seam, occurred on:
(b) 26 September 1995
(c) 15 November 2000
(d) 14 August 1975
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: On 26 September 1995, floodwaters from the swollen Katri river broke into No. 10 seam of Gajlitand colliery (BCCL), drowning 64 miners underground.
Q6. According to the 2011 Census, what is the exact percentage of Scheduled Tribes in the total population of Jharkhand?
(b) 26.21%
(c) 28.50%
(d) 32.10%
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: As per Census 2011, the ST population of Jharkhand is 86,45,042, accounting for 26.21% of the total state population of 3,29,88,134.
Q7. In the 81-member Jharkhand Legislative Assembly, how many constituencies are reserved for Scheduled Tribes?
(b) 28
(c) 32
(d) 14
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Seat distribution in Jharkhand Assembly: Scheduled Tribes (ST) = 28; Scheduled Castes (SC) = 9; General/Unreserved = 44. Total = 81 elected members.
Q8. Out of the 14 Lok Sabha constituencies in Jharkhand, how many are reserved for Scheduled Tribes (ST)?
(b) 5
(c) 6
(d) 4
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The 5 ST reserved Lok Sabha seats are Rajmahal, Dumka, Khunti, Lohardaga, and Singhbhum. Palamu is reserved for SC, and 8 seats are unreserved.
Q9. In the State Tourism Performance Framework 2025 published by the Ministry of Tourism, what was Jharkhand’s rank among 36 States/UTs?
(b) 22nd
(c) 32nd
(d) 28th
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Jharkhand ranked 32nd with a composite score of 4.385 (below the national average of 5.116), evaluated across 12 institutional and infrastructural parameters.
Q10. Getalsud Dam is situated on which river basin in Jharkhand?
(b) Subarnarekha
(c) Damodar
(d) Mayurakshi
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Getalsud Dam was built in 1971 across the Subarnarekha river. Its reservoir supplies the Rukka water treatment plant serving the city of Ranchi.
Q11. The North Urimari opencast mine, planned as the pilot location for Coal Mining Tourism by JTDC and CCL, is located in which district?
(b) Ramgarh
(c) Bokaro
(d) Hazaribagh
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under an agreement between CCL and Jharkhand Tourism Development Corporation (JTDC), the Ranchi-Patratu-Urimari circuit introduces eco-mining tourism at North Urimari in Ramgarh.
Q12. The historic terracotta village ‘Maluti’, known as ‘Gupt Kashi’, is situated in which district of Jharkhand?
(b) Dumka
(c) Godda
(d) Sahibganj
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Maluti is located in Shikaripara block of Dumka. It once contained 108 terracotta temples built under the Nankar dynasty, dedicated mainly to Lord Shiva and Goddess Mauliksha.
Q13. In which year was the Chhotanagpur Tenancy (CNT) Act enacted by the British administration?
(b) 1908
(c) 1912
(d) 1935
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The CNT Act was passed on November 11, 1908, prepared under the guidance of Rev. John Baptist Hoffmann, to recognize Mundari Khuntkatti tenancies and restrict non-tribal alienation of land.
Q14. The Santhal Parganas Tenancy (Supplementary Provisions) Act was enacted in which year?
(b) 1949
(c) 1956
(d) 1976
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The SPT Act, 1949 governs land tenures in the six districts of Santhal Parganas division (Dumka, Deoghar, Godda, Jamtara, Sahibganj, and Pakur), strictly barring transfer of raiyati lands except through specified customary succession.
Q15. Lodh Falls (Burha Ghagh), the highest waterfall in Jharkhand with a fall height of ~469 feet, is located on which river?
(b) Sankh River
(c) North Koel River
(d) Auranga River
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Located in Mahuadanr block of Latehar district, Lodh Falls plunges 143 m (469 ft) on the Burha River, a tributary of the North Koel.
Q16. The Birsa Munda Airport at Hinoo, Ranchi was named after the legendary tribal freedom leader. What was the venue where Birsa Munda passed away in British custody in 1900?
(b) Old Ranchi Jail (now Bhagwan Birsa Munda Memorial Park)
(c) Cellular Jail, Port Blair
(d) Bhagalpur Camp Jail
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Birsa Munda died in Ranchi Old Jail on June 9, 1900. The jail has been transformed into a museum and memorial park celebrating tribal heroes of India.
Q17. The famous ‘Chinnamastika’ temple at Rajrappa is situated at the sangam (confluence) of which two rivers?
(b) Subarnarekha and Raru
(c) Barakar and Konar
(d) Koel and Karo
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The Shaktipeeth Chhinnamasta temple in Ramgarh sits at the rocky confluence where the Bhera river drops into the Damodar.
Q18. The ‘Career Advancement Scheme’ (CAS) evaluated in recent Jharkhand High Court service jurisprudence is regulated under the norms of which statutory apex regulator?
(b) All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) & UGC
(c) National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
(d) Bar Council of India (BCI)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: CAS governs time-bound promotions for assistant and associate professors in engineering institutions (e.g., BIT Sindri) under AICTE/UGC standards.
Q19. Under the Revamped Distribution Sector Scheme (RDSS) implemented in Jharkhand, what is the target ceiling for Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C) losses by 2030?
(b) 12β15%
(c) 5%
(d) 2%
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Jharkhand’s AT&C losses hover around 30β32%. The RDSS business plan envisions lowering this loss to 15% through prepaid smart meters and feeder segregation.
Q20. In Jharkhand’s mining geography, Chiria in West Singhbhum is known for possessing one of Asia’s largest single deposits of:
(b) Iron Ore (Haematite)
(c) Bauxite
(d) Manganese
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Chiria, situated in Manoharpur tehsil of West Singhbhum, holds estimated reserves of over 2 billion tonnes of high-grade haematite iron ore, largely allocated to SAIL.
Q21. The Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) was founded on which historic day in 1973 at the Golf Ground in Dhanbad?
(b) 4 February 1973
(c) 2 October 1973
(d) 26 January 1973
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: JMM was founded on 4 February 1973 by Binod Bihari Mahato (President), Shibu Soren (General Secretary), and A.K. Roy (founder of Marxist Coordination Committee).
Q22. Which plateau in Jharkhand is famously known as the ‘Queen of Chhotanagpur’ (Chhotanagpur ki Rani)?
(b) Netarhat
(c) Parasnath
(d) Rajmahal
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Netarhat, located in Latehar district on the ‘Pat’ (flat-topped plateau) region at an altitude of about 1,070 metres, is renowned as the ‘Queen of Chhotanagpur’.
Q23. Which tree is venerated as the central sacred element during the Sarhul festival of tribal Jharkhand?
(b) Sal Tree (Shorea robusta)
(c) Mahua Tree (Madhuca longifolia)
(d) Peepal Tree (Ficus religiosa)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Sarhul (worship of the blossom of the Sal tree) marks the new agrarian year in spring. Village priests (Pahan) distribute blooming Sal blossoms (Sarjum Baa) to every household.
Q24. In the Jharkhand administrative hierarchy, which official acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA)?
(b) Deputy Commissioner / District Magistrate
(c) Zilla Parishad Chairperson
(d) District Forest Officer
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under Section 25 of the Disaster Management Act, 2005, the District Collector/Deputy Commissioner is the ex-officio Chairperson of the DDMA, with the elected Zilla Parishad Chief serving as co-chairperson.
Q25. Heavy Engineering Corporation (HEC), situated at Hatia, Ranchi, was set up in 1958 with technical and financial collaboration from which foreign entities?
(b) United Kingdom and USA
(c) West Germany and France
(d) Japan and Sweden
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: HEC was established under Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with technical collaboration from the USSR (for Heavy Machine Building Plant) and Czechoslovakia (for Foundry Forge Plant and Heavy Machine Tools Plant).
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Q26. Consider the following statements regarding the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and other Election Commissioners (ECs):
- Under Article 324, the President appoints the CEC and other Election Commissioners subject to any law made by Parliament.
- An Election Commissioner cannot be removed from office except on the recommendation of the Chief Election Commissioner.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 324(2) empowers the President to appoint the CEC and ECs subject to parliamentary legislation. The second proviso to Article 324(5) explicitly states that an Election Commissioner cannot be removed except on the recommendation of the CEC.
Q27. The term ‘Conscientious Objector’ protected under Article 25 of the Constitution of India applies to individuals who:
(b) Refuse to perform an act or submit to a state-mandated activity based on genuinely and sincerely held religious or moral conscience
(c) Renounce Indian citizenship voluntarily during peacetime
(d) Boycott general elections on political grounds
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Re-iterated in TM Krishna (2026) and Bijoe Emmanuel (1986), a conscientious objector whose deeply held faith prevents participation in certain rituals cannot be punished by state law provided no disrespect or obstruction is committed.
Q28. In the Pahalgam Declaration context, which constitutional principle prevents retroactive cancellation of completed democratic elections?
(b) Doctrine of Finality and Article 329(b) bar on judicial interference in electoral processes except by Election Petition
(c) Doctrine of Severability
(d) Doctrine of Pleasure
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under Article 329(b), no election to Parliament or State Legislature can be challenged except through an election petition filed after results, preserving the finality of democratic verdicts.
Q29. With reference to the Delimitation Commission in India, consider the following statements:
- Orders issued by the Delimitation Commission have the full force of law and cannot be questioned in any court of law.
- The orders are laid before the Lok Sabha and the State Assemblies, but no modifications are permissible by the legislature.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under the Delimitation Act, orders of the Commission upon publication in the Gazette acquire statutory force and are immune from judicial challenge under Article 329(a). Parliament and State Assemblies cannot alter or amend them.
Q30. Which constitutional amendment act introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) Council under Article 279A?
(b) 100th Constitutional Amendment Act
(c) 101st Constitutional Amendment Act
(d) 103rd Constitutional Amendment Act
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The 101st Constitutional Amendment Act, 2016 inserted Article 279A, creating the GST Council as a constitutional body with representation from the Centre (1/3rd voting weight) and States (2/3rd voting weight).
Q31. The Right of Reply in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) is governed under which provision of the UNGA Rules of Procedure?
(b) Rule 73
(c) Rule 115
(d) Rule 142
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Rule 73 of the UNGA Rules of Procedure accords the President the discretion to grant the Right of Reply to any member state to rebut statements made against it during General Debate.
Q32. In the context of judicial administration, an ‘Inquest Proceeding’ under Section 194 of the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) is conducted primarily to:
(b) Ascertain the apparent cause of unnatural, accidental, or suspicious death
(c) Execute decree orders of commercial tribunals
(d) Appoint official court liquidators
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Inquest proceedings (formerly Sec 174 CrPC, now Sec 194 BNSS) by police or magistrates investigate the visible wounds and cause of unnatural deaths before disposing of a body.
Q33. Which of the following writs is issued by a High Court or Supreme Court to quash an order passed by an inferior court or tribunal without jurisdiction?
(b) Mandamus
(c) Certiorari
(d) Quo-Warranto
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Certiorari is issued by a superior court to quash orders passed by an inferior court, tribunal, or quasi-judicial authority that has acted in excess of or without jurisdiction, or in violation of natural justice.
Q34. The ‘SEED’ Scheme (Scheme for Economic Empowerment of DNTs) launched by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment specifically targets:
(b) De-notified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic Tribes
(c) Small and Marginal Fishermen
(d) Rural Self-Help Groups in Coastal Areas
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: SEED provides coaching, health insurance (PM-JAY), livelihood initiatives, and housing support for De-notified, Nomadic, and Semi-Nomadic tribal communities.
Q35. What is the minimum strength of a High Court Bench required to decide on a substantial question of law involving the interpretation of the Constitution?
(b) Division Bench (at least 2 judges)
(c) Full Bench (at least 3 judges)
(d) Constitution Bench (at least 5 judges)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: In High Courts, constitutional writ matters are heard by at least a Division Bench (2 judges). In the Supreme Court, Article 145(3) mandates at least 5 judges for a Constitution Bench.
Q36. The ‘Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana’ (PMMVY) operates under which overarching mission framework?
(b) Mission Shakti (Samarthya sub-scheme)
(c) Mission Vatsalya
(d) PM SVANidhi
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: PMMVY is a Centrally Sponsored direct benefit transfer (DBT) scheme implemented under the ‘Samarthya’ vertical of Mission Shakti by the Ministry of Women & Child Development.
Q37. Which constitutional amendment act introduced the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) as a constitutional body under Article 338B?
(b) 102nd Amendment
(c) 103rd Amendment
(d) 104th Amendment
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The 102nd Constitutional Amendment Act, 2018 granted constitutional status to NCBC under Article 338B and inserted Article 342A.
Q38. Under the Constitution of India, the power to extend or restrict the jurisdiction of a High Court over a Union Territory belongs to:
(b) The Parliament by law
(c) The Chief Justice of India
(d) The Union Ministry of Law & Justice
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 230 states that Parliament may by law extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to, or exclude the jurisdiction of a High Court from, any Union Territory.
Q39. Section 21 of the POCSO Act, 2012 deals specifically with punishment for:
(b) Failure to report or record an offence of child abuse
(c) Tampering with court records
(d) Hostile witness statements
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Section 21 prescribes penalties (imprisonment up to six months or fine) for any person or institutional manager who fails to report or record an offence under the Act.
Q40. The ‘Doctrine of Pith and Substance’ is invoked by courts in India to determine:
(b) True nature and character of a law to decide which legislative list it falls under
(c) Quantum of compensation under land acquisition
(d) Contempt of court proceedings
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: When a statute enacted by Parliament or State Legislature is challenged for encroaching upon an entry in another list of the Seventh Schedule, courts look at its essential substance rather than incidental encroachment.
Q41. Who is the administrative head of the District Disaster Management Authority (DDMA) under the Disaster Management Act, 2005?
(b) District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner
(c) Chairperson of the State Legislative Assembly
(d) Divisional Commissioner
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under Section 25 of the DM Act, 2005, the Collector/District Magistrate/Deputy Commissioner serves as Chairperson of the DDMA.
Q42. Which constitutional provision prohibits employment of children below the age of 14 years in factories, mines, or other hazardous occupations?
(b) Article 23
(c) Article 24
(d) Article 39(e)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 24 is an absolute fundamental right protecting children below 14 years from being employed in any factory, mine, or hazardous engagement.
Q43. The President of India can grant pardons, reprieves, respites or remissions of punishment under which Article of the Constitution?
(b) Article 72
(c) Article 161
(d) Article 123
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 72 grants the President pardoning powers, while Article 161 grants corresponding powers to the Governor (except that Governors cannot pardon death sentences).
Q44. What constitutes the ‘Panna Pramukh’ model in Indian election grassroots campaigning?
(b) A party cadre in charge of mobilising the electors on one single page (panna) of the electoral register
(c) The returning officer verifying postal ballots
(d) A commercial software module for EVM verification
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The strategy focuses on hyper-local mobilization, where a dedicated party worker builds continuous rapport with approximately 30β40 voters on one page of the draft roll.
Q45. The ‘Equal Opportunity Cell’ (EOC) in universities is mandated to protect students from discrimination primarily based on guidelines of:
(b) University Grants Commission (UGC)
(c) Bar Council of India
(d) UPSC
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: EOCs are established across higher educational institutions per UGC regulations to ensure inclusion for SC, ST, OBC, minority, and PwD students.
Q46. What is the constitutional significance of Article 324(1) regarding the superintendence, direction, and control of elections?
(b) It places the ECI under direct administrative supervision of the Prime Minister’s Office
(c) It limits the ECI’s powers to conducting municipal elections
(d) It bars the ECI from issuing guidelines during model code of conduct
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The Constitution Bench in Mohinder Singh Gill (1978) established that Article 324 is a reservoir of plenary administrative power enabling the ECI to conduct free and fair elections when statutes do not provide a specific remedy.
Q47. Under the Indian Constitution, the Speaker of the Lok Sabha can vacate his/her office by writing under his/her hand addressed to:
(b) The Deputy Speaker of the Lok Sabha
(c) The Prime Minister
(d) The Chief Justice of India
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 94(b) provides that the Speaker may at any time resign from office by writing addressed to the Deputy Speaker, and vice versa.
Q48. Which Article of the Constitution gives the Supreme Court original jurisdiction in any dispute between the Government of India and one or more States?
(b) Article 136
(c) Article 143
(d) Article 32
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 131 provides original and exclusive jurisdiction to the Supreme Court for federal disputes involving legal rights between Centre and States or between States.
Q49. Which of the following constitutional provisions directs the State to secure a Uniform Civil Code (UCC) for the citizens throughout India?
(b) Article 44
(c) Article 45
(d) Article 48
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 44 in Part IV (Directive Principles of State Policy) directs the State to endeavor to secure for citizens a Uniform Civil Code throughout the territory of India.
Q50. The National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), which releases the annual ‘Accidental Deaths & Suicides in India’ (ADSI) report, functions under which Ministry?
(b) Ministry of Home Affairs
(c) Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment
(d) Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Established in 1986 based on the National Police Commission recommendations, NCRB is an attached office under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
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Q51. What is the Merchant Discount Rate (MDR) in digital transaction processing?
(b) The fee charged to a merchant by acquiring banks and payment service providers for processing digital payments via debit/credit cards or UPI
(c) The interest discount offered by RBI under export refinancing
(d) Margin money deposited by stock brokers on stock exchanges
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: MDR compensates acquiring banks, card networks, and payment aggregators for digital infrastructure, security maintenance, and network transaction handling.
Q52. In macroeconomic terminology, a ‘K-shaped Recovery’ describes an economic scenario where:
(b) Different sections of the economy or income cohorts recover at starkly divergent rates, with affluent segments thriving while lower-income segments languish
(c) The economy grows rapidly for a quarter and falls into immediate deflation
(d) Government debt and household savings decline in parallel
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: A K-shaped trajectory illustrates divergent paths: upper-income groups benefit from asset prices and premium consumer spending, while lower-income cohorts face stagnation, as seen in entry-level hatchback sales declining while luxury SUVs surge.
Q53. Which index serves as the statutory nominal anchor for the Reserve Bank of Indiaβs flexible inflation-targeting framework?
(b) Consumer Price Index – Combined (CPI-C)
(c) Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
(d) GDP Deflator
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under Section 45ZA of the RBI Act, 1934, the Central Government, in consultation with the RBI, determines the inflation target in terms of the Consumer Price Index (Combined) as 4% with a tolerance band of +/- 2%.
Q54. What is a ‘Global Capability Centre’ (GCC)?
(b) Wholly owned client-technology, strategic innovation, and advanced R&D offshore centres established directly by multinational corporations
(c) Diplomatic consular offices dealing with international visas
(d) Public sector scientific testing laboratories
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Moving beyond traditional third-party IT outsourcing, GCCs are parent-owned offshore strategic hubs driving proprietary AI, enterprise analytics, core software engineering, and corporate operations.
Q55. In the context of capital restructuring, what distinguishes an ‘Offer for Sale’ (OFS) from a ‘Fresh Issue’ in an Initial Public Offering (IPO)?
(b) In OFS, existing promoters/shareholders sell their existing equity and receive the proceeds, while Fresh Issue creates new shares and adds fresh capital to the company.
(c) OFS is restricted to retail bidders, whereas Fresh Issue is exclusively for qualified institutional buyers.
(d) Fresh Issue is exempt from SEBI ICDR regulations.
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: A Fresh Issue expands the share capital base and injects liquidity into company balance sheets; an OFS represents offloading of stakes by existing promoters without augmenting corporate cash balances.
Q56. What does a ‘Put-Call Ratio’ (PCR) exceeding 1.0 typically indicate in options market sentiment?
(b) Bullish bias, as options writers have sold relatively more puts, establishing underlying market support
(c) Complete shutdown of equity derivatives trading
(d) A mandate for stock exchange trading halt
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Options writers sell puts when they expect the underlying asset to remain above the strike price. A PCR > 1 reflects aggressive put writing, showing market support.
Q57. Which agency releases the monthly ‘All-India Consumer Price Index’ (CPI) data in India?
(b) National Statistical Office (NSO), MoSPI
(c) Reserve Bank of India
(d) Department of Financial Services
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: NSO under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation compiles and publishes the Consumer Price Index (CPI) numbers on a monthly basis. WPI is released by the Office of Economic Adviser, DPIIT.
Q58. In public finance, what is ‘Primary Deficit’?
(b) Revenue Deficit minus Capital Expenditure
(c) Total Expenditure minus Total Receipts
(d) Fiscal Deficit plus External Borrowings
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Primary Deficit isolates the government’s current-year fiscal imbalance without counting past debt-servicing liabilities (interest payments).
Q59. The ‘Better Cotton Initiative’ (BCI) operates globally to achieve which primary objective?
(b) Promoting sustainable cotton farming by reducing pesticide use, enhancing water efficiency, and safeguarding fair labor standards
(c) Nationalising all cooperative spinning mills
(d) Fixing global minimum export prices for cotton lint
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: BCI is the worldβs largest cotton sustainability program, certifying cotton cultivation on key principles: pesticide reduction, soil health, water stewardship, and decent work standards.
Q60. Which Indian agricultural institution flagged that annual vegetable and fruit additions stagnated at ~7.6 MT between 2015 and 2025?
(b) Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
(c) NABARD
(d) Food Corporation of India (FCI)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: In a study published in the Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, ICAR researchers observed that crop diversification toward horticulture plateaued due to cereal-centric policy biases.
Q61. What does the term ‘Gross Fixed Capital Formation’ (GFCF) measure in national accounts?
(b) Net additions of fixed assets like machinery, equipment, buildings, and infrastructure in an economy
(c) The market value of all imported cars
(d) Household expenditure on luxury tourism
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: GFCF reflects investment in productive physical assets. A high GFCF-to-GDP ratio (around 32β34%) is essential for sustained 7β8% GDP growth.
Q62. Under SEBI regulations, an Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) Category I focuses on:
(b) Start-ups, early-stage ventures, social ventures, and SMEs with positive spillover effects on the economy
(c) Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs)
(d) Mutual funds tracking large-cap indices
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Category I AIFs include venture capital funds, SME funds, and social venture funds which invest in businesses considered economically and socially desirable by the government.
Q63. Which organization acts as the central counterparty for clearing and settlement of trades in government securities and money markets in India?
(b) Clearing Corporation of India Limited (CCIL)
(c) Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)
(d) Indian Banksβ Association (IBA)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Set up in 2001, CCIL provides guaranteed settlement for transactions in government securities, repos, and foreign exchange markets.
Q64. What is a ‘Sovereign Green Bond’?
(b) A debt instrument issued by the government to mobilize resources for public sector projects aimed at reducing carbon intensity
(c) A paper bond printed with green vegetable ink
(d) A municipal bond issued by local civic bodies for landfill removal
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Sovereign Green Bonds are part of the governmentβs overall market borrowings, earmarked exclusively for eligible green projects like solar power and public transport electrification.
Q65. In the context of balance of payments, what constitutes ‘Net Foreign Direct Investment’ (Net FDI)?
(b) Foreign Portfolio Investment minus Gold reserves
(c) Total export earnings minus merchandise imports
(d) External Commercial Borrowings minus IMF SDR allocations
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Net FDI measures the real capital absorbed into the domestic economy after deducting outward capital investments by domestic firms and disinvestment/repatriations by overseas investors.
Q66. Which international organisation publishes the ‘Global Financial Stability Report’?
(b) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
(c) Bank for International Settlements (BIS)
(d) World Economic Forum (WEF)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The Global Financial Stability Report is published semiannually by the IMF, assessing systemic risks across global credit and capital markets.
Q67. What is ‘Base Erosion and Profit Shifting’ (BEPS) in international taxation?
(b) Tax planning strategies exploited by multinational corporations to shift profits from higher-tax jurisdictions to low- or no-tax locations
(c) The loss of value in currency due to trade balance deficits
(d) Sudden bank runs on shadow banking entities
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: BEPS refers to corporate tax loopholes that multinational enterprises use to exploit differences in national tax rules to avoid paying tax in the country where economic activity occurs, tackled under OECD/G20 initiatives.
Q68. Under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016, what is the maximum statutory timeline for completing the Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP)?
(b) 180 days (extendable up to 330 days including legal proceedings)
(c) 2 years
(d) 5 years
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Section 12 mandates resolution within 180 days, with a permissible one-time extension of 90 days, capped at an outer limit of 330 days including litigation time.
Q69. The ‘Lead Bank Scheme’ was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in 1969 based on the recommendations of:
(b) Gadgil Study Group and Nariman Committee
(c) Rangarajan Committee
(d) Urjit Patel Committee
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The Lead Bank Scheme assigns specific districts to designated commercial banks to act as catalytic leaders for credit expansion and financial inclusion.
Q70. In macroeconomics, ‘Twin Deficits’ refer to the simultaneous coexistence of:
(b) Fiscal Deficit and Current Account Deficit (CAD)
(c) Capital Deficit and Monetary Deficit
(d) Trade Deficit and Budgetary Surplus
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: High government fiscal borrowing accompanied by a shortfall in external trade/invisibles receipts exposes an economy to external macroeconomic vulnerabilities and exchange rate pressures.
Q71. What is an ‘Anchor Investor’ in an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in India?
(b) A Qualified Institutional Buyer (QIB) that applies for a value of at least βΉ10 crore one day prior to the public opening to instill investor confidence
(c) Retail individual investors subscribing on the last bidding day
(d) An underwriter guaranteeing 100% allotment
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Anchor investors receive firm allotment out of the QIB quota at a determined price ahead of public bidding, subject to regulatory lock-in periods under SEBI ICDR norms.
Q72. In international finance, what is the ‘Special Drawing Right’ (SDR)?
(b) An international reserve asset created by the IMF to supplement its member countries’ official reserves
(c) Commercial paper issued by private credit rating agencies
(d) Unsecured credit extended by the World Bank
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Created by the IMF in 1969, the SDR is based on a basket of five currencies: US Dollar, Euro, Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen, and British Pound.
Q73. What is ‘Micro-Prudential Regulation’ in central banking supervision?
(b) Monetary policy monitoring macro-variables like national inflation
(c) Fixing import duties on microchips
(d) Regulating small village cooperatives exclusively
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: While macro-prudential regulation monitors systemic financial risks across the entire economy, micro-prudential supervision enforces capital adequacy, liquidity buffers, and governance of individual banks.
Q74. The ‘Gini Coefficient’ is widely used by economists as an empirical measure of:
(b) Income or wealth inequality within a population
(c) Industrial capacity utilization
(d) Carbon emission efficiency
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Ranging from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (perfect inequality), the Gini coefficient measures statistical dispersion across the Lorenz curve.
Q75. What is ‘Sterilization’ by a Central Bank in foreign exchange operations?
(b) Neutralizing the impact of foreign exchange inflows/outflows on domestic money supply through open market bond sales or repos
(c) Writing off bad agricultural loans
(d) Changing bank board members
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: When RBI purchases foreign currency (dollars) to prevent sharp rupee appreciation, it injects equivalent rupee liquidity. It sells government securities in Open Market Operations (OMO) or uses Variable Rate Reverse Repo (VRRR) auctions to sterilize this liquidity overhang.
Top β
Q76. With reference to the ‘Hallmarks of Ageing’ published in scientific literature (LΓ³pez-OtΓn et al.), consider the following statements:
- Telomere attrition and epigenetic alterations are primary cellular damage hallmarks.
- Cellular organs in the human body age at identical linear biological rates throughout an individualβs life.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
(b) 2 only
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) Neither 1 nor 2
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Statement 1 is correct (telomere shortening, genomic instability, epigenetic alterations). Statement 2 is incorrect; recent research shows organs age at heterogeneous rates, with fast-ageing organs serving as primary disease indicators.
Q77. What is ‘Project Suncatcher’, recently initiated by global technology researchers?
(b) An initiative exploring the placement of AI tensor processing units and computing data centres in orbital space powered directly by solar energy
(c) High-altitude desert solar park in the Sahara
(d) Quantum satellite cryptography network
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Project Suncatcher explores housing space-based orbital data centres running Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) powered by unhindered solar energy, bypassing terrestrial electricity and cooling constraints.
Q78. In the field of pharmacology, ‘Rapamycin’ is primarily recognized as:
(b) An immunosuppressant drug that inhibits the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) pathway, also studied in longevity science
(c) A synthetic antibiotic for plant blights
(d) An injectable insulin substitute
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Rapamycin inhibits mTOR, switching cellular function from growth to autophagy. In humans, its off-label longevity use carries risks of immunosuppression and opportunistic infections.
Q79. Which parameter is considered the single most reliable diagnostic indicator of visceral and metabolic risk beyond body weight?
(b) Waist Circumference and Waist-to-Hip Ratio
(c) Lung tidal capacity
(d) Bone mineral density
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Abdominal obesity measured via waist circumference correlates directly with deep intra-abdominal visceral adiposity and insulin resistance.
Q80. In medical science, ‘MASLD’ stands for:
(b) Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease
(c) Marine Acoustic Signal Localization Device
(d) Multi-Agent Satellite Launch Direction
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: MASLD (formerly NAFLD) reflects steatotic liver disease associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and visceral adiposity.
Q81. The ‘United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea’ (UNCLOS) defines ‘Territorial Sea’ as extending up to what distance from the baseline?
(b) 24 Nautical Miles
(c) 200 Nautical Miles
(d) 350 Nautical Miles
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Under UNCLOS, a coastal state exercises sovereignty over its Territorial Sea up to 12 nautical miles. The Contiguous Zone extends to 24 nm, and the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) up to 200 nm.
Q82. Which international climate treaty created the legally binding mechanism known as ‘Nationally Determined Contributions’ (NDCs)?
(b) Paris Agreement (2015)
(c) Montreal Protocol (1987)
(d) Copenhagen Accord (2009)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Article 4 of the Paris Agreement requires each party to prepare, communicate, and maintain successive Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) to limit global temperature rise below 2Β°C.
Q83. What is ‘Microalgae-based Carbon Capture’?
(b) Freezing carbon dioxide under underground rocks
(c) Injecting liquid carbon dioxide into natural aquifers
(d) Chemical scrubbing using limestone slurries
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Microalgae capture CO2 via photosynthesis roughly 10β50 times faster than terrestrial plants, producing biomass that can be refined into proteins, bioplastics, and biofuels.
Q84. What is ‘Quantum Cryptography’ (Quantum Key Distribution – QKD)?
(b) A communication method using laws of quantum mechanics (such as photon superposition) where any eavesdropping alters states and alerts participants
(c) High-frequency radio encryption used by naval ships
(d) Blockchain-based distributed cryptocurrency
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: QKD uses quantum principles (Heisenberg uncertainty principle and no-cloning theorem) to transmit cryptographic keys. Any attempt by a third party to measure photons disrupts the quantum state, revealing the intrusion.
Q85. In global environmental agreements, the ‘Minamata Convention’ is targeted at eliminating the emissions and releases of:
(b) Mercury
(c) Cadmium
(d) Arsenic
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Named after Minamata Bay in Japan where industrial mercury poisoning caused severe neurological disease, the treaty protects health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions of mercury.
Q86. In which year did the historic ‘Stockholm Conference on Human Environment’ take place, laying the foundation for modern global environmental law?
(b) 1972
(c) 1982
(d) 1992
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The UN Conference on the Human Environment (Stockholm, June 1972) led to the establishment of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Indiaβs Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972.
Q87. The Indus Waters Treaty (1960) allocates the waters of which three Eastern Rivers for unrestricted use by India?
(b) Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej
(c) Ganga, Yamuna, Ghaghara
(d) Shyok, Gilgit, Hunza
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Brokered by the World Bank in 1960, the treaty allocates the Eastern Rivers (Ravi, Beas, Sutlej) to India, while the Western Rivers (Indus, Jhelum, Chenab) are largely allocated to Pakistan, subject to specified domestic, non-consumptive, and run-of-the-river power uses by India.
Q88. Which atmospheric layer reflects radio waves back to Earth, making long-distance radio communication possible?
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Ionosphere (Thermosphere)
(d) Mesosphere
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The ionosphere contains electrically charged ions that reflect high-frequency radio waves back to Earth, facilitating terrestrial radio transmission.
Q89. What is the primary cause of ‘Ocean Acidification’?
(b) Absorption of excess anthropogenic atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) forming carbonic acid in seawater
(c) Thermal discharge from coastal power plants
(d) Deep sea oil exploration
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The ocean absorbs roughly 25β30% of emitted CO2. When CO2 dissolves in seawater, it forms carbonic acid (H2CO3), lowering ocean pH and reducing carbonate ions critical for corals and shell-forming organisms.
Q90. Which of the following is considered an in-situ method of biodiversity conservation?
(b) Zoological Park
(c) Biosphere Reserve
(d) Seed Bank
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: In-situ conservation protects species in their natural habitats (National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Sacred Groves). Botanical gardens, zoos, and seed banks are ex-situ methods.
Q91. In autonomous robotics and assisted driving systems, ‘LiDAR’ stands for:
(b) Light Detection and Ranging
(c) Low-intensity Data and Recording
(d) Laser Induced Deep Aqueous Radar
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: LiDAR is an active remote sensing method that emits pulsed laser light to measure variable distances, creating precise 3D digital elevation models and real-time obstacle point clouds.
Q92. The ‘Montreux Record’ under the Ramsar Convention is a register of:
(b) Wetland sites on the Ramsar List where ecological character has changed, is changing, or is likely to change as a result of technological developments or human interference
(c) High-altitude mountain glaciers melting due to warming
(d) Marine protected areas along international waterways
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Maintained as part of the Ramsar database, Indian sites currently listed on Montreux Record include Keoladeo National Park (Rajasthan) and Loktak Lake (Manipur).
Q93. Which of the following is a primary greenhouse gas with the highest Global Warming Potential (GWP) over a 100-year time horizon?
(b) Methane (CH4)
(c) Nitrous Oxide (N2O)
(d) Sulphur Hexafluoride (SF6)
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: While CO2 has a baseline GWP of 1, SF6 (used as an electrical insulator in switchgears) has an extraordinary GWP of approximately 23,500 over a 100-year horizon.
Q94. The ‘Kyoto Protocol’ mechanism that allows industrialized countries to invest in emission-reduction projects in developing countries is called:
(b) Joint Implementation (JI)
(c) Emissions Trading
(d) Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Defined in Article 12 of the Kyoto Protocol, CDM allowed Annex B countries to earn Certified Emission Reduction (CER) credits through projects in non-Annex I developing nations.
Q95. In modern power electronics, why are ‘Semi-Cryogenic’ rocket engines preferred over pure cryogenic engines for booster stages?
(b) They utilize refined kerosene (Isrosene) instead of liquid hydrogen, providing higher density and eliminating complex handling of super-cold liquid hydrogen at launch stage
(c) They do not require any oxidizer
(d) They are strictly limited to low-altitude aircraft
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Semi-cryogenic engines combine liquid oxygen (LOX at -183Β°C) with aviation-grade kerosene (RP-1/Isrosene) at room temperature, offering higher propellant density and greater payload lifting capacity at lower storage volume.
Q96. What is ‘Epigenetics’ in modern genomics?
(b) Changes in gene expression and cellular activity that do not involve alterations to the underlying DNA sequence (e.g., DNA methylation)
(c) The cross-species hybridization of animal genes
(d) Complete duplication of whole chromosomal pairs
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation and histone modifications) turn genes on or off without altering nucleotide sequences, serving as the biological basis for ‘epigenetic ageing clocks’.
Q97. The ‘Basel Convention’ deals with the control of transboundary movements of:
(b) Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
(c) Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
(d) Genetically Modified Living Organisms
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Adopted in 1989 in Basel, Switzerland, this treaty prevents the transfer of toxic hazardous and electronic wastes from developed to developing countries.
Q98. Which layer of the atmosphere contains the protective Ozone Layer that absorbs lethal solar ultraviolet-B radiation?
(b) Stratosphere
(c) Mesosphere
(d) Exosphere
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The stratospheric ozone layer (roughly 15 to 35 km altitude) filters incoming short-wavelength UV-B solar radiation.
Q99. What is a ‘Bio-fertilizer’?
(b) A substance containing living microorganisms that colonize the rhizosphere and enhance nutrient availability to host plants
(c) Synthetic compost made of processed coal dust
(d) Liquid pesticide extracted from petroleum hydrocarbons
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: Bio-fertilizers contain beneficial living microbes (such as Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Azospirillum, or Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria) that fix atmospheric nitrogen or solubilize phosphorus in soil.
Q100. In which year was the Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC), Indiaβs first multipurpose river valley project, established through an Act of the Constituent Assembly?
(b) 7 July 1948
(c) 26 January 1950
(d) 1 April 1952
View Answer & Analytical Notes
Analytical Notes: The Damodar Valley Corporation (DVC) was enacted on July 7, 1948 (Act No. XIV of 1948) by India’s Constituent Assembly, modeled after the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) of the United States.
